THE SELECTION OF THE HERBAL PLANTS .
- plants that can cure/relive simple common diseases
- Plants that can be used by family members as first aid pharmacy.
- Plants with no negative side effects.
- Plants that have proven their efficacy.
- Plants that can easily grow in the region.
From this list, some medical plants are common herbs; others are shrubs, trees or climbing vines. But as those plants are important for family health, they should be planted for family house. Trees, which grow bigger, can be planted on the borders of the compound or in a neighboring field.
A summarizing table for agricultural characteristics of these plants is given at the end of this book.
LANDSCAPE PLAN OF MEDICAL PLANTS FOR FAMILY GARDEN Key
- wondering jaw
- biden pilsal
- castral oil
- enderema
- albezia coriaria
- allium sativum
- aloe ferox
- Artemisia absenthium
- Artemisia annua
- azadirechta indica
- callistemon speciosis
- carica papaya
- chenopedium ambrosioides
- crassocephalum vitellinum
- cympogon citratus
- erythrina abyssinica
- euphorbia hirta
- ficus natalensis
- hoslindia opposita
- moringa oleifera
- myrica kandtiana
- ocimum sauva
- rice
- beans
- black nightshade
- plectranthus cyaneus
- prunus Africana
- ricinuscommunis
- senna didymobotrya
- sida cuneifolia
- spathodea campanulata
- tetradenia riperia
- tinospora spp
- tropaeolum majus
- vernonia amygdalina
- warbugia ugandensis
- zanthoxylum gilletii
- zingiber officinale
- coco nuts
- palm tree
- dodo
- gavers
- euclaliptus
- obmuliba zitira
- omulingata
- masereka,olubonanga,ovacado,Fenesi,cassava,
SECTION 11
What should you know before using this book?
Recommendations for health life.
These are just some guidelines of living rules and good home practices. Much more could be included and could fill the whole book.
Having and using plants from a family medicinal garden is worthless if some basic living conditions and rules are not respected as indicated below:
1. Body hygiene.
One of the most important hygiene rules is to wash your hands with non toxic soap under running water (use carefe, port or kettle) before eating, before preparing food, after using toilet and after seeing or visiting a sick person.
Wash your self and help children to wash them selves thoroughly every evening with toxic soap and warm water incase of cold mountainous areas, keeping out of direct wind and dry your self with a clean cloth or towel.
To prevent dryness of the skin, rub oneself and especially the babies after bathing with some plant oil like shear butter oil or sosame oil.
Wash your hair at least once in a week with non toxic soap.
If some one in the family has head lice, if possible cutoff his or her hair, rub the hair off everyone in the family with a natural insecticide lotion made for example of neem oil and wash the blanket, bed clothes and clothing.
Brush your teeth at least every evening and even better still after every meal with a small eucalyptus, neem or other tool stick with or without dental powder (see ANMED book)
Keep your nails short and clean,
Wash and change your clothing frequently especially under clothes.
Toxic soaps are soaps that contain for example chemicals as mercury salts, known as skin bleaching soaps.
2. Heneral hygiene
Cook and serve food in clean ports and dishes.
After washing the dishes, put them on the dish rug and not on the floor to dry. Once dry, store them in a dust and animal free place.
Wash your food with clean water before cooking.
3. water
Drink only safe, clean, cool, boiled water and use clear water for bathing.
4. Food
Your food should be your medicine and your medicine your food.
And by eating one lemon a day you keep the doctor away.
4.1 Balanced diet
Eat balanced healthy diet.
Food and hygiene are of the most important points to stay healthy.
When the body is improperly feed, it is more susceptible and has less resistance to a lot of diseases. There are diseases caused by external elements such as bacterial, fungi and virus and diseases owing to toxin accumulation in the body as diabetes, obesity arthritis, high blood pressure and many others. For both types of diseases and, food is very important in strengthening and stimulating the body to fight against diseases and prevent body illness.
A balanced diet has variety of food.
Once a day, a meal should be composed of 2/3 of whole cereals and 1/3 of different vegetables, where at least one vegetable should contain a high percentage of proteins such as beans, groundnuts or any other leguminous vegetable. Meat and fish can be added, but is not necessary and should only be taken in small amounts. Some vegetable like carrots, cucumber, lettuce, radish, cabbage or fennel should be consumed raw to have all the benefits of vitamins and minerals.
Matooke [cooked unripe bananas] is not a cereal but can replace cereal in a meal. Eating as every day
With soup, gravy or sauce is again a poor and unbalanced diet.
The most important meal should be taken at noon and if not possible before 7 p.m. With food, the body receives a lot of calories. Calories will be directly transformed in e energy and energy is the opposite of what you need to have a quiet nights rest. Also, digestionis heave work for the body and during sleep all the body organs are functioning at a slower rate, hats why digestion can become a problem.
Atleastone fruit should be consumed during day time to have intake of vitamins and trace elements.
Tea, coffee or herbal tea should be taken without sugar, as sugar is a poison the body. Adding sugar to into drinks becomes a habit.
Pure water is a health drink and one litre of water should be taken during day time we may not forget;
That our body is made of more than 90% of water.
That water is needed for the elimination of toxins by urinating, to maintain our body temperature and many other functions.
Old Indian theories (yahuveda) recommend that to stay health, every one should start the day by drinking warm water on an empty stomach to warm up the body, stimulate the digestive systems and eliminate toxins.
4.2 toxins
One garden rule; avoid as much as possible food that contains toxins for the body. Toxins are; extraced sugars, purified salt, alcohol, drugs, stimulants, chemicals, meat and purified food.
All these foods substances should only be taken in small quantities and people can still live without them.
Sugar:
Purified extracted sugar, even if it came from sugarcane, maize or sugar beet acts as a drug in the body and very quickly the body starts depending on it. That is why in many cases a person starts using one tea spoon of sugar in a cup of tea and after some years he needs three tea spoons to satisfy the sugar pressure. Excess sugar conservation may lead to general body weakness, dental caries, obesity, magnesium deficiency and sugar crystals fix themselves as toxins in the body especially between the different joints.
Sugar is also a very good substrate for bacteria and fungi and people who take a lot of sugar are more susceptible to fungal and bacterial diseases.
Various scientific studies have related access of white sugar consumption with cancer of the colon, stomach cancer and cervical cancer.
A sugar contains a lot of calories and energy for the body, it can stop the 'feelings of hunger' and that is well known by poor school children who at lunch time take sugarcane instead of food and this can lead to malnutrition (beside all other pernicious influences) when sugarcane or other sweets are often replacing food.
There is no need for adding purified or unpurified sugar as the amount of sugar that the body needs, even during exercise can be found in fruits, vegetables and serials.
Don’t forget that soft drinks and sodas contain a lot of sugar as well as chemicals.
Salt
Excess use of salt may cause heart disease, kidney problems, high blood pressure and obesity salt retains water in the body. Water normally takes toxins along when leaving the body (elimination). As water is retained, toxins remain also in the body. Un cooked salt destroys the tongue papilla (which are responsible for your testes); the taste decreases and more salt will be needed to find the original salt flavor back.
Just like sugars, the salt crystals may fix themselves as toxins in the body especially between the different joints.
Raw vegetable due to high salty content can replace salt. But if you don’t eat a lot of raw vegetables, use and take clean lake salt, vegetable salt or lye instead of white purified salt.
Always cook your salt and never add salt when the meal is already in your dish to save your tongue papilla.
Alcohol
Alcohol immediately attaches the liver and its functions (the liver has more than three hundred functions).
Two types of alcohol exist: alcohol as a normal process of fermentation of fruits vegetables or honey and alcohol obtained by destination.
The first category of alcohol does not reach more than 16- degree alcohol and can be used as medical wine in small amounts as one glass a day.
Distilled alcohol is normally more than 40- degree alcohol and is too aggressive for the liver and should be avoided.
Alcohol has also physical, pschological and social side effects.
Drugs
Drugs act in the same way as strong alcohol whereby, not only does the body become dependent on them but also the whole nervous system gradually starts to decline.
Drugs are very toxic to for the body.
Chemicals
Chemicals are found in meat, vegetable and serials that have been cultivated in a non organic way, in food with preservatives or other chemical flavors and in western drugs.
Chemicals are unknown foods for the body and they are enclosed or stoked in fat layers of the body or in the liver. After some time these dysfunctions of organs, cancer or other “modern” diseases.
Spices
Most of the people refer to spices as flavors or give specific tastes to foods and have forgotten that spices were introduced in the first instance to facilitate digestion and avoid digestive problems. Spices artery medical plants with digestive or disinfectant properties. That is why it is important to include spices when you are preparing food.
Coriander, anise, basil, cayenne, black paper, cloves, nutmeg, cardarmom, parsley, cinnamon, garlic and others are well known spices. Local plants with digestive or disinfectant properties as warburgia ugandensi, moringa oleifera (moringa) or capsicum frutescent (the wild eye bird chili) can also be used as spices.
Meat
Meat contains a lot of pureness, which are other toxins for the body.
The main reason why people eat meat is that, meat contains proteins, a structural component for the body cells, tissues and organ formation.
But proteins can also be found in milk, eggs, beans, serials, algae and others.
Pressure, strokes, obesity, and others are linked to high animal and animal fat consumption.
In western countries, people are eating too meat and a lot of diseases could be prevented if people only eat meat once a week or by eating fish instead of meat.
Another reason why some vegetarians don’t want to eat meat is because you have to kill an animal that in the fauna world is your family.
Another reason is that 10kg of cereals are needed as food to obtain 1kg of meat, and with 10kg of cereals you can feed 8 times more people than with 1kg of meat.
Still another reason is that meat is equivalent to cadaver or dead substance.
Purified food and low fibre food.
Purified food is food with low or without fibre content for example white flour, white rice, decorticated millet and other decorticated cereals. Those are cereals that through processing have been separated from some husk or bran where most of the fibres are located.
Fibres regulate the absorption of fats and glucose into the blood stream and prevent colorectal cancer. Fibres are also needed to have normal digestion and a normal stool. People who eat a lot of low fiber food, as white rice, bread, macaroni or maize floor have frequent digestive and constipation problems.
Milk
Milk must be boiled before consuming to avoid brucellosis infection.
In the animal world milk is only produced and available to feed the very young animals. As a human belong to the mammals milk is food for babies and young children.
With age, milk become more indigestible because of decreasing quantity of enzymes needed to digest the milk. Therefore adults should reduce the milk consumption or turn milk into other milk products such as yoghurts.
Milk that has been digested properly contains a lot of glue, another toxin that is accumulated in the small bronchioles of the lungs. That is why respiration problems take much more time to heal with high milk consumption.
People believe that the body needs milk to have its daily ration of calcium. Different studies have found that an adult person absorbs only low amounts of calcium by drinking milk. Much more calcium is found in algae (100 to 1000 time more than in milk), almonds, soya beans, beans, cabbages, carrots and green vegetables.
Fat or oil
Cold pressed plant oil is better than warm pressed plant oil and better than animal fats.
We have saturated fats and unsaturated fats and only un saturated fats are healthy for the body.
Saturated fats are found in meat, milk products and some margarine and it’s why oil is better than animal fats.
The body needs oil to perform many functions, but needs only small amounts of oil.
As all oils have different medicinal properties we should change from time to time the oils we are using in our food for another type of oil.
All oils have different uses, some have to be taken raw and others can be used for cooking.
- genetically modified organisms or GMOs
Genes are hereditary units. Different genes make a chromosome. Every living thing has its own genes, but each family, in the plant as in the animal world has its specific number of chromosomes and every chromosome has its specific number of genes. That is why a dog can not mate the cat, and that the fish is a fish and not a cow.
Genetically modified crops are obtained by replacing one or more of the existent genes of the plant by other genes. Those genes can be from any origin, either from the animal, plants, bacteria or fungi.
We should not forget that genes are the identity card of the plant and by changing those we are changing the whole nature without knowing the effects this will have.
Not only should the growth of those crops be forbidden because of the unnatural practices but also eating the crops with GMO should be avoided.
6. Toilet
Use the latrine with the ventilation pipe and put a cover on the pit after using the toilet.
Human excrement can be a source of all kinds of diseases. That is why latrines have been promoted. When a latrine has a ventilation pipe you avoid the bad smell and some insects flying around; and particularly if you keep the pit covered after using the toilet.
7. Teduce insects, bacteria and fungi breeding places
Mosquitoes always breed in water or moist places. They can put their eggs on damp soil or damp vegetation, in moist tree holes or other wet places like plastic bags half buried in the soil or broken containers which can contain water. Mosquitoes are the vector of malaria.
Cleanliness and order in and around the home places is the first requirement.
Flies, bacteria and fungi will develop where food residues remains. That can be in improperly washed cooking pots, improperly stored food, overripe fruits and food residues on the floor in and around the home.
Keep animals out of the home. They infest your home by droppings while pets like cats and dogs host different parasites. Wash your hands after playing with your house animals.
Don’t put any waste near your house but organize your farm and compound.
Sweep every day in and around your home. Sort all rubbish and waste you collected by sweeping:
Paper, carton and wood should be stored in an old tin or any metallic container and should be burnt for example, once a week.
Orgasmic waste should be put on the compost heap that is not near the entrance of your home to avoid bad smells and negative influence of insects.
For glass, plastics, and metal, since at the moment in Uganda there is no recycling system in place, they should be put in a deep pit that has been dug in a corner of your compound. When this pit is 4/5 full, cover it with soil and make another pit. Don’t grow food on top of this pit. 8. Toxicity
A lot of fatal accidents have taken place with toxic products. Put those products out of reach of children and never put toxic products in a battle without labeling it.
Every toxic product is dangerous for the health. Toxicity can penetrate the body by drinking, sniffing, smelling and through the skin.
Cigarettes
Cigarettes are not only toxic for those who smoke, but also toxic for people who have inhale the smoke. It is proved that lung cancer comes as a result of cigarette smoking
Cooking stoves
Eye problems and lungs diseases can be a result of smock inhalation, when you cooking. In many cases chimney and energy saving stoves like the Lorena stove already provide a solution. It even reduces the consumption of fire wood.
The world healthy organization found that fire wood smoke inhalation with the forth killer in the world. As this is the fact one should, cook on a stove with a chimney.
Batteries
Batteries used for radio, touches and other electronics contain toxic elements and once dropped; they add toxic heavy metals to the soil. When you cultivate crops on that place, the crops will absorb these heave metals that will be absorbed by your body when you eat them. Through rain, those toxic heavy metals will reach the water table and contaminate your drinking water.
In Uganda there is no recycling system put in place, so we should try to get ride of those batteries safely and replace them with solar energy. These old batteries should be taken back to the sellers. Plastics:
Don’t burn plastics; the gasses formed by burning them are very poisonous for living things. This gasses attack the ozone layer of our planet and that is one of the reasons why the planet is warming up. Snow is melting, sea level is rising, some countries are getting flooded, and rain patterns are disturbed.
Pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides:
All those chemicals used to intensify agriculture production are dangerous. There not only kill life but also disorganize the whole chain of living creatures. Food harvested from that type of agriculture contains those chemicals which act as toxins in the body; where it is stopped till they disorganize the whole body function.
Through rain, they reach the water level in the soil and poison your drinking water. Scientific researcher knows already that in 15 years, safe drinking water will be the biggest problem in the world.
Ink of news paper:
Ink of news papers are very toxic, so never use it to store or wrap for food.
9. Aluminium
When you cook in aluminum cooking pots, aluminum, molecules go into the food and aluminum is toxic for the body.
If you want to have experience, try to drink beer, or alcohol stored in aluminum ports or containers, and you will develop a serious headache.
For health reasons clay pots are much better than aluminum pots.
10. Positive way of thinking
Life is a succession of difficulties and at the same time a challenge to be resolved.
A person who tries to stay as an optimistic has more energy and the living atmosphere is much more pleasant.
Different alternative medicines promote positive thinking as the base to stay healthy.
11. Stress
The different causes of stress are: extreme physical danger, financial or health problems, overloaded work and many others. Stress is a part of the human condition and maintains alertness of life.
Too much stress puts the body under continuous tension and is the cause of different diseases, as heart problems, high blood pressure, sleeplessness, psychological diseases, etc.
Organize your life without stress.
12. Insomnia
To stay health and energetic people need to sleep. Some vital functions of the body can only be carried out when people are sleeping.
Studies have proved that people should sleep in a calm, silent and dark environment to have maximum benefit of their sleep.
Children need more sleep than adults and should have at least 9 hours of sleep if not they have less resistance against illnesses. This is one of the rural problems in Uganda where there is no special culture to force children to go to bed. Always sleep on a mat, never on a cold floor and always, if possible, under a mosquito net. Mosquitoes are very active especially at night.
- Family planning.
The over population is the first origin of the world population just because every one is polluting, and as the world population is the biggest worry for the survival of the planet, we should start having a world vision and fewer children.
At house hold level too many children force parents to live with stress, financial worries, health worries, food worries, home space worries, plus fatigue and health problems for the mother.
14. Sexual behavior.
Human beings are different from animals and having has other significance and specific rules. For two reasons: first: to avoid sexual transmitted diseases as syphilis, gonorrhea and HIV/AIDS and secondly: to respect your partner.
Avoid pregnancy in young girls and still breast feeding mothers.
15. Electronic radiation
Each electronic system delivers radiation that in the most cases has unknown influence on the body. The first radars were sending waves that turned into a wrong direction and that were one of the causes of forest diseases.
When the mobile phones came, bees were completely disorientated and did not find how to get back to their hives easily.
Children who play a lot with electronic games, as “game boys” are more prone to epilepsy attacks.
To avoid these radiations as much as possible, we must disconnect completely and put a cloth on the machines and equipment like radio, television, telephone and computer after using them.
16. Vaccination:
Vaccination have proved there efficiency to avoid epidemics and some illnesses.
But we have to know that many vaccines are propagated on cancer cells and those are injected into the human body. Naturopaths believe that this can be the cause of different allergies, asthma and other body reactions.
17. physical exercise
This must sound in a little strange for farmers and rural people who are doing a lot of physical work as working and agricultural practices. But it isn’t for those who are sitting in offices all days. There is a correlation between mind and body and when this balance is not there, people become ill.
18. Herbal medicine processing
19. Herbal medicine policy
20. other herbal medicine curative,treatment and processing
NAME OF THE PLANT
The only recognized way of nominating a plant is using the scientific name. This is always in Latin and is composed of 2 parts; the first part indicates the genus and the second part the species each spices can have different varieties that are important for horticulture. A plant belongs to a specific family; a number of similar plants belong to the same family.
Family of the plant is equivalent to clan in Africa Genus of the plant is equivalent to family in Africa Species of the plant is equivalent to members of the family in Africa. Example: plants.
Family: fabaceae
genus: albezia
species: albezia coraria
albezia gummifera
albezia grandibracteata.
Vernacular name or common name ; is the name in the language indigenous to acountry .for Uganda this is english and other local langauges.
WHAT IS A HERBAL PLANT?
A medical plant is a plant with specific active ingredients or components.
Those active components are different in the different parts of the plant.
Those active components are different according to the age of the plant.
Those active components are different according to the time of the day.
Those active components are different according to the climate,soil,altitude,agricultural practices and others.
These active components are diferent when different method of: hervesting, drying transporting, storage,processing ,packaging and others have been practiced.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT.
The plant can be annual ( life period is 1 year), biennual(plant is living 2 years and usually is following the second year) and continue growing after flowering and having given seeds.
The plant has aerial parts,the part which is inthe soil.
The different parts of a plant are: roots, stem,leaf,flower, fruit and seed.
The root can be atuber,bulb,rhzome or common root.
The stem can be a stem or atrunk with branches.
The trunk has aback and under the back a second back.
The leaf starts as a young bud. A leaf can have different leaflets.
The basis of the flower starts by a acalyx. on the calyx are the sepals,petals,stem with pollen and stigma with an ovule that will give afruit and then seeds.
All those indicators are necessary to describe aplant.
Trees can be:
Deciduous; tree that looses his leaves at the end of the growing season
Persistent; tree that loses his leaves at the end of the growing season leaves remaining on the tree
Bisexual; male and female parts present in the same flower
Hermaphrodites; separate male and female flowers on the same plants
Dioeciously; trees has only male flower and other only female flower
Leaves can be:
Bi-lobed: they are deeply divided in 2
Bi- pinnate: when 1 leave has different leaflets
With glandular hairs: hairs terminated by very small glands, often sticky to the touch
Glabrous: hairless
oblong: leaf with more less parell sides
ovate: leaf is egg shaped with the brodest end towards the tip
pubescent:covered with short soft hairs on down
smooth: leaf with even and continous margin ,lacking teeth or lobes
Inflorescence: ther flowering part of the plant
bract: a small leaf like structure in the axils of which stars a flower or a branch of an inflorescence.
Cymes: an inflorescence in which the first flower to open is the terminal bud
panicle: an inflorescence with exels that continue to grow and do not end in a flower.
Receme: inflorescence in which flowers are borne on stalk, along an branhed axis, lower flowers openning first.
Spikes: inflorescence with flowers without stalk, along an branched axis and where lower flowers are openning first.
Axis: place betwwen the stem and the branchor leaf growing from it nodal swellings: joint,point,on astem at which aleaf will grow.
Petiolate: having a petiole or stoke.
Stalk: supporting stem.
Succulent: plant with fleshy and juice leaves and / or stems.
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE PICKING PLANTS FOR HOME USE
· dont peak plants growing in polluted places like roadsides, borders, factories and places where farmer use pesticides and chemicals on land and animals.
· Pick only health and clean plants.
· Pick plants when the weather is dry and shiny, after rain.
· Most plants contain more acitive properties inthe late morning.
· You should be sure and be able to identify the right plant.
· You should know which part of the plant you need.
· Dont mix different plants inthe same bag when hervested.
· Dont destroy the plant when it is not necessary. If you need the root of an annual plant ,dont take away all the plants. Some parts should be left over to producee seeds. When the plant is a perennual plants, use apart of the roots or the secondary roots.
· The roots or rhizomes of an annual polant can be collected when the plant starts dying or loosing its leaves. For the perennaual plant it better when the plant hasalready had 2-3 seasons. After hervesting you should wash them well without brushing.
· Most flowers should be picked before there are completely open.
· Most leaves have the highest active properties just before the plants starts flowering.
· The best timr of collecting stems is just after the leaves appear till before flowering.
· The best time of collecting the bark is dependent on the age of the tree and is different for each tree. When a tree is decidious and loses its leaves, pick leaves when they are completely develpoed and when there is alot of sap.
· Most plants can be used fresh or dry. But there are exceptions and some come only used without danger dry or only be used fresh.
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE DRYING HERBAL PLANTS.
· Dont dry the plant directly in the sun.
· Dry the plant in a well ventilated and dusty free place.
· The plants should never be spread directly onthe ground, but spread on a clean cloth or on shelves.
· You must lay them in thin layers and (turn ) look after them every day.
· Dont bring your medicaal plants in contact with printed paper or news paper; they contain dangerous chemicals.
· Leaves and flowers can be dried without cutting in pieces.
· Roots are washed,but not brushed,and cut in small pieces. The drying process of the most roots can be started on direct sun and finished in shadow.
· Once the plant is realy dry, and contains less than 10% of water it should crack in your hand; you should put them in glass or ceramic container. Plastsic containers can be used if there are no glasses or ceramic containers.
· Dont forget to label those containers with their name ,date and place of picking.
· These containers should be placed in a dark, cool and dry place.
· Dependent on the % of moisture, these dry plants can be kept for 6 to 12 months. Roots and bark can be kept longer then leaves or leaves or flowers.
USE OF THE PLANT.
· Without danger and free use: the plant has no side effects or contraindication
· with precaution:there are some conditions to use in this plant. Some parts of the plant may be toxic, or the dosages are very specific and must be exactly measure, or the duration that this plant can be used is limited, or can not be taken by pregnant woman. Those plants can be used without risk if the given warnings are respected.
· With danger: the plant is toxic and can only be used by real holders.the planr has side effects and is dangerous for the health if not properly used and prepared.
STANDARD MEASUREMENTS TO MAKE PREPARATIONS.
One handfull:is what youb can keep in one hand when you keep it down wards or ±20 millilitre
one cup: here we are speaking about those Ugandan plastic cups = ½ litres.
One glass = 200 to 250 ml.
One teaspoon = 5ml.
One dessertspoon = 10ml.
One tablespoon. = 15ml.
HERBAL PREPARATIONS METHODS:
Juice:
After washing the fruits root, leaf or other plant part, you mash by using hand or other clean tools. Then you strain to obtain the juice.
The juice is the liquid from the plants without adding any other liquid.
Infusion:
Put the part the plant (most used are the soft parts of the plant like: flowers and leaves) in a container and poor boiling water over them. Cover the container and wait 10 to 15 minutes before straining.
Decoction:
This is mostly used with hard parts of plants like roots, bark or seeds.
You put plant parts in a container with cold clean water and put on fire. You boil for 3 to 15 minutes depending on the preparation methods, on a small fire. You cover and wait for 5 to 15 minutes before straining.
Cold extract
This is a process where you soak the plant parts in water for 12 hours if the plant parts are soft and for 24 hours if the plant parts are hard. The whole process is done without boiling, in a cool and shady place. Then you strain.
Using oil or alcohol instead of water can also make a cold extract.
Powder
The plant parts are to be very dry before you can pound or ground and sift them to obtain powder of the plant.
Syrup
You can take juice, decoction or an infusion that you boil with some volume of honey or sugar. The time of boiling is important to preserve the syrup and is different from plant to plant.
Extract
This is obtained by mixing the plant with a solvent like ethernal, alcohol or others. Later this solvent has to disappear by evaporating or by other chemical reaction.
Liniment
This is an herbal extract mixed with oil or alcohol.
Tincture
This is a cold extract in alcohol. You put dry plant material or powder in alcohol at room temperature. It stays for 3 to 15 days depending on the method of preparation and then you strain this preparation.
Medicinal oils
This is a cold extract in oil with some heat. You need dry plant material that you put in a glass container. Pour oil till the plants parts are covered. This mixture must stay for 15 days in the sunny area and has to be shaken at list once a day. When it is rainy season or you want the preparation immediately you can obtain a similar result by putting the container of this mixture for 60minutes in another container of continuously boiling water.
Ointment
This is a mixture of powder and oil or animal fat.
Essential oil
This is the result of distillation process of some aromatic plant parts.
Carbonization
This is the process, where dry plant parts are burned and becomes ashes.
INFORMATION NEEDED TO MAKE PLANT PREPARATION
- The exact name of the plant.
- The part of the plant used.
- The condition of the plant: dry or fresh.
- Preparation method.
- Quantity of that part of the plant.
- Quantity of other substances, like liquid that you need to make your preparation.
- Time of preparation.
- The storage life.
USE OF HERBAL PLANT PREPARATIONS
These can be:
Internal: This is always through the mouth, like tea.
External: There are different ways like:
- Bath, hipbath, footbath or hand bath.
- Cataplasm: is putting the mixture preparation as flour, fresh ground plants or mashed fruits on the skin without adding some liquid.
- Compress: is putting a cotton cloth that has been soaked in herbal liquid on the affected part.
- Fermentation: is a very hot compress.
- Lotion: is applying the herbal mixture through gentle massage.
- Friction: is applying the herbal mixture through intensive massage.
- Steam bath: is covering head or whole body that is sitting over a just boiled herbal liquid.
- Gargles: is bringing the herbal liquid in the back of the mouth by saying “o” and then spitting it out.
- Mouth washing: is rinsing the mouth with herbal liquid and then spitting it out.
- Eye drop: drop that is put in the eye
- Eardrop: drop that is put in the ear.
- Eyebath: is dripping liquid in the eye from the temple to the nose.
- Enemas: is putting liquid in the anus.
- Vaginal irrigation: is putting liquid in the vagina. (Special recommendations are needed as: hygiene, clean tools, using cooled boiled water at body temperature.)
- incision: making cutting in the skin.(we do not recommend this)
- Injection.
- Wearing objects around the neck, wrist, arms......
DOSAGE
These indicate:
- How much an adult or child has to take of this medicine? In general child takes ½ dosage of an adult.
- How often some one has to take this medicine in the day time.
- For how long one to take the medicine.
SIDE EFFECTS:
Side effects are the unpleasant reactions that a drug gives to a patient who used that drug. Some of these reactions can be:
- Diarrhea.
- Skin irritation.
- Urinating
- sweating
- abortion
- vomiting
- death
DISEASE, ILLNESS OR PROBLEM TO TREAT:
- Skin.
Wound and sores:
- Clean wound = wound without infection.
- Open wound = infected wound.
Callus or corn (calluses) = roughening, hardening of the skin resulting from frequent pressure or rubbing.
Warts:
- Seborrhea warts. Soft warty lesions often pigmented and hyper-kerototic due to excessive growing of skin cells on the same place.
- Viral warts: hard, well circumscribed raised rough hyper – kerototic papules often found on the back of hand or on the sole of the foot. They are small hard begging growths.
Skin cracks = small tissues or breaks in the skin, on hand palms or foot soles.
Skin purities = intensely skin itching, skin itching irrigation.
Scrofula = inflation of the lymph ganglion of the neck caused by Koch bacillus or tuberculosis.
Skin irritation: = skin discomfort.
Eczema = non contagious skin inflammation with itchy rash and blisters.
- Acute eczema: red swollen with papules, vesicles exuding serous crusting and scaling.
- Chronic eczema: red scaly, thickened dry and some times fissured
Psoriasis = skin disease condition with thick rough patches on the skin, covered with white scales.
Cellulites = deposit of toxins and water or pus in tissues under the skin (mostly due to streptococcal infections)
Acne = hyper secretion of sebaceous glands and inflammation of hair follicles by anaerobic bacteria.
Exclusive perspiration = producing moisture through sweat glands which is more than normal.
Dry skin = a skin without moisture.
Fragile nails. = easily broken nails.
Hair loss = loosing hair more than normal.
Dandruff = fine greasy scales on scalp that fall out when hair is camped.
Epiclesis = skin itching and rashes caused by hair lice
Abscess = accumulation of pus in a cavity of the skin.
Furuncle and boil = staphylococcal infection of hair follicle extends throughout its length accompanied by intense inflammation and suppuration
Skin mycosis = skin fungi
Athletes foot = skin fungi characterized by itching and peeling of skin between the toes.
Scabies = infestation caused by parasites in the skin, very itchy tunnels usually on hands.
Ring worm = contagious fungi on the scalp and the infected hairs are broken off.
Herpes skin infection: small vesicles with edemas or blisters; purities and tenderness caused by virus.
Reptile, snakebite = injection of poison or venom.
Insects bite. = production of the inflammatory reaction of the skin by an insect bite.
Burn:
- Manor burns. = burns which are not very serious.
- Burns with blister = burn that causes swelling on the skin containing a liquid.
- Infected burn = contaminated burn with micro organisms or toxins
Impetigo = contagious skin infection caused by bacteria producing shores with shinny, yellow crusts mostly around the mouth.
- Head
Insomnia = inability to sleep
Headache = head pain
Migraine = intense headache often associated with vision or visual disturbance.
3. Nervous system
Fatigue = body weakness.
Asthenia = lack of strength and energy.
Nervous depression = physiological state of melancholy and deep sadness
Nervousness = state of nervous excitation.
Anxiety = state of being very worried and afraid
Stress = physical pressure
Epilepsy = nervous disorder of convulsions and loosing consciousness
Amnesia loss of memory:
- Eye
Conjunctivitis = inflammation of the conjunctiva = irritated or inflamed red eye
Style = little furuncle that appear on the edge of the eyelids always, at the base of the eyelash gland.
Diminished vision = poor sight.
Cataract = the less to the eye, being the pupil becomes cloudy and hard = painless loss of vision
5. Nose
Nose bleeding = epitasis
Rhinitis = inflammation of the mucus in the nose.
6. Ear
Ear pain = nostalgia = pain in the organ used to ear.
7. Mouth
Mouth ulcers =small, very painful wound in the mouth = pathos ulcers
Lip sores = wound on the flesh around edge of the mouth
Bad taste = halitosis = bad breath in the mouth.
Teething = growing teeth, especially coming through the gum
Toothache = painful teeth
Gingivitis = inflammation of the gums as a result of bacterial infection.
Cold = infectious viral disease of nose and throat.
8. Throat
Tonsillitis= sore throat = inflammation of tonsils.
Pharyngitis = inflammation of the pharynx
Throaty irritation = itching and stinking throat.
Laryngitis = inflammation of the larynx = organ where voice is produced.
Sinusitis = inflammation of small cavity between nose and eyes (the sinuses)
Aphonic = loss of voice = to be unable to make sound through vocal chords.
9. Respiratory system
Bronchitis = inflammation of mucus membrane of bronchi some times with fever, cough and pain when coughing
Pneumonia = inflammation and infection of lung tissue, where tinny sacs of the lung become filled with fluid.
Asthma = attacks of difficult breathing where bronchial tubes narrow
Cough:
- productive cough = expel mucus by reflex action
- Dry cough= without mucus noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum or blood.
Whooping cough = pertusis = childhood crisis of spasmodic cough caused by bacteria (foretell pertusis) paroxysmal cough with an inspiratory “whoop” or crowing sounds life threatening
Influenza or flu = virus infection with fever, muscular pain respiratory problems and some times sneezing.
Tuberculosis=excessive accumulation of acid in the stomach, leading to burning in the heart
10. Digestive system
Lack of appetite=anorexia=not frequent wanting to eat
Anorexia nervosa=lack of appetite, not wanting to eat related to psychological reasons
Aperitif=that makes you want to eat.
Diarrhea = liquid feaces passing and increase of volume of stools
Cholera = diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration caused by vibria cholerae
Dysentery = diarrhea with bleeding, mucus and blood
Intestinal worms: intestinal parasites living in human intestine.
- Oxyuris = white and small thread worms in the intestines causing anal itching.
- Ascaris = bigger roundworms causing nausea and abdominal pain
- taenia, tapeworm = very long segmented worm with small head and along body
Bilharzias = infection caused by a worm (schistosoma) and where the first symptoms are blood in the urine (haematuria)
Typhoid fever= bacteria infection with diarrhea and intoxication caused by salmonella typhus.
Digestion problems = any problems in digesting foods.
Hepatitis = jaundice = inflammation of liver caused by virus, a symptom is jaundice = yellowish coloring of skin and eyes caused by bile in blood
Liver pain = liver dysfunction
Gallbladder dysfunction = problem by improper emptying of the bile.
Bleary colic = pain by expelling gall stones or inflammation of the gall bladder.
Pancreatic insufficiency = low production of pancreatic juice.
Stomach acidity = sensation of burning in stomach
Lack of gastric juice = caused by plotted stomach and intestinal fermentation
Dyspepsia = difficult digestion with painful stomach, flatulence and burning
Bloated stomach = dilatation of stomach through access of food or obstacle
Vomiting = emesis = bringing back partly digested food involuntary in the mouth
Stomachic = involving stomach function
Stomachache = stomach pain = can be dyspepsia ulcers and stomach nervousness.
Stomach nervousness = stomach emotion state
Stomach gas = flatulence = excessive in the stomach
Gastric hemorrhage = vomiting blood coming from the stomach
Gastritis = inflammation of the stomach wall caused b y the excessive gas or bacteria
Gastroenteritis = of the stomach and intestines = vomiting and diarrhea
Enteritis = of intestine only = diarrhea gastroenteritis
Colitis = of cool
Colonic, intestinal colonic = spasm of intestine.
Intestinal gas = result of intestinal fermentation
Intestinal fermentation = imbalance of flora, lack of enzymes and digestive juice
Constipation = difficult in passing feaces often enough.
Depurative = elimination of metabolic waste from the body.
Laxative = to facilitate the evacuation of feaces
11. Urinary systems
Anal fissure = small sore anal mucus or a crack or a grove in the anus
Anal eczema = itching and irritating of anal mucosa
Proctitis = of rectum
Hemorrhoids = piles = swelling of veins in anus
Urinary lithiasis = calculi in urine or stone forming in kidney
Kidney or renal colic = painful spasm of kidney to expel a calculus
Edemas = body part swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation
Dropsy = anasarca = general oedema
Haematuria = blood in urine
Nephritis and nephritis = flamation of the kidneys with little blood urine; it affects the filters of the kidneys
Urinary infection = inflammation of urinary system caused by the bacteria
Cystitis = of urinary bladder caused by bacteria which makes a person pass urine often with burning sensation
Enuresis = involuntary urinating = bedwetting
Diuretic = increase in urine production
12 Male sexual organs
Male sterility = man unable to produce children
Sexual male impotence = male in inability to erect, ejaculate or have sexual intercourse
Premature ejaculation = before the normal time or early ejaculation
Prostate condition = a woman to be unable to produce children
- Female sexual organs
Pregnancy = time between conception and child birth
Nipple sores = small skin ulcer on the nipple of the breastfeeding woman
Mastitis = inflammation of glands of the breast especially during breast feeding
Dysmenorrheal = painful menstruation
Excessive menstruation = hyper menorrhea
Menopause = period in woman’s life in which reproductive activity stops as menstruation and pregnancy
Leucorrhoea = thick, white fluid discharge through the vagina
Dryness in woman = lack of less production of genital fluids, virginal fluids in a woman
Reduce fetus kinesis = reducing movement of un born baby in the womb
14 . Sexually transmitted diseases
Syphilis = sexually transmitted diseases caused by spirochete (treponema palladium)
Gonorrhoea = sexually transmitted diseases which causes painful irritation during urination and pass discharge in penis or vagina
HIV/ AIDS = acquired d immune deficiency syndrome = having low resistance against diseases
15. Metabolism problems
Malnutrition = wrong diet or bad food absorption losing eight rapidly
Spontaneous weight loss = result of serious illness
Obesity = over weight due to excessive fat or abnormal function of the body
gout = podagra increase of uric acid on blood and crystalisation in joints podagra resulting in attacking the great toe
athristis = painful joint
diabetes = abnormally high glucose level in blood due to resistance to the action of insuline or lack of insuline production
hyperthroidism = increease of thyroid function
hypo throidism = disease of thyroid function
elephantiasis = lymphthitic oedema or the limbs caused awprm cold filariae
16. locomotive system
contusion =skin injury without open wounds where blood escapes into tissues
sprain,distotion= violent twising of joint leading to joint injury
rheumatism = of bones, muscules and joints ledaing sometiomes to stiffness and pain
stiffneck = not easy moved neck
lumbago = painful lower back sometimes caused by rheumatism
sciatica = of sciatica nerve leading to pain
athrosis = degeneration of articular catelage most in hips, knees and other joints
guoty athritis = of joints caused by uric acid deposit
osteoporosis = loss of consistent bone mass due to lack of calcium and physical exercise
17. Other diseases
low defence = depression of immune system
fabrile diseases = fever = symptom of other diseases followed by other diseases
covalenscence = period between illiness and healthcare
intoxication = body poisoning
cancer = abnormal , iregualr, rapid multipplication of body cells in any part of the body
maleria = infection transmited by moisqiutoes
small pox = dangerous fatle virus disease
alcoholism = accessive drniking of alcohol = being physcally dependent on alcohol
tobbaco addiction = being physically or mentally dependent on tobaco
hernia = condition where an organ pushes through a hole in any cavity
mumps = viral childhood illiness producing fever and swelling of the salivary glands.
Sickle cell anaemia = diseaes where red blood cells intent to loose their shape and can give ablockage of blood supply
measles = severe virus infection with fever and red spots or rushes obn the skin
meningitis = serious infection of the brain
brucellosis = infectioncaused by bacteria as aresult of drinking infected animal milk
salmoneloosis = bacteria food poisoning caused by salmonella in the digestive system
WHAT SHOULD YOU KNOW BEFORE USING THIS BOOK ?
- The information in this book about medical uses and preparation of the Herbal plant has been collected at 2 workshops attended by herbalists and healers in the Rwenzori region . Final verificationof the given information has been done throughthe third workshop 30 herbalists and healers and 370 women.
- It is the contubutors knowledge and interlectual property that has been collected and comparened with KARC documentation and verified by other documents. (the reference list of those documents is at the end of this book)
- all preparations and uses of medical plant are only reccommended for fisrt aid of family members. If there is no improvement after 1 to 2 days, medical practitioners should be consulted.
- Try to find the causes of the diseases. A disease indicates that your body is nolonger in balance or hermony. Some of the reasons can be: bad food habbits, bad hygiene conditions, too much stress. When the cause of the disease is not attached, the disease will continue to develop and even become worse.
- Use only identified plants
- avoid self prescription. When after 1 or 2 days of using medical plants,the health conditioons has not improved; medical practioners should be consulted to diagnose the disease.
- Medical plants are medicines. Respect the dosages and be carefully when a aplant is taken for a long period. Even plants has side effects and should, as ageneral rule, not be taken for more than 3 weeks without consulting ahealth practioners.special care must be taken with pregnant woman and breast feeding mothers.
- Special care must be taken with children. As ageneral rule, all toxic plants should be avoided and dosage should be calculated in relationship to the weight of the body.
- These dosages indicated in preparations and uses of the medical plants in this book are based on traditional knowledge and commonm usages of the controbuters and have been scientifically proved.
- The HERBAL after a sentence means that this refers to the book of KARC, by KULE NOAH natural medicine in the tropics
DESCRIPTION AND USE OF HERBAL PLANTS
Albizia coriaria welw,ex oliver
family: fabaceae – mimosoideae
venecular name:
rutooro: omusisa
lhukonzo: omusosyo
Description:albezia coriaria is atree of 6 to 36 mhigh with bright green splashes of new foliage. The crown is spreading and flat and the trunk is often twisted. The back is grey black, rough and raggedily scalling and young branchlets are hairy . The leaves are pinnate with 3 to 6 pairs of leaflets of 6 – 11 pairs of small oblong to elliptic leaves. The flowers are very many, often sweet smelling and are white with red stamen filaments. The fruits are flat purple brown shinny pods.
Natural habitat:wooded grassland, woodland and does not do well under shade.
altitude:850 – 1700 m.
Agricultural practices:
propagation method: seeds and wildings.
There is no pre -treatment neccessry for fresh seeds, however stored seed nedds soaking. Seeds can be stored up to 1 year.
Tree management: lopping and pollarding.
Medical practices
as the tree contains some toxicity, bakonjo people prefer to give it as an enema, which is not case for the batooro who take the drug orally but in small quantities.Parts used: bark, roots and leaves uses dysmenorrhoea
- make abark decoction as in astem barkinfunsion and drink:
bakonjo herbalists prescribe maximum ¼ glass 3 times ady for 2 days and batooro healers advise 2 table spoons 3 times aday for 3 days .
- Administer an enema of clean water first and give asecond enema with 6 tablerspoons that you will keep for 5 minutes. Repeat this operation2 times aday for 3 days .
Provoke abortion: stem bark mixed with cammelina bangaliasis. We do not want to give the prearation methods as abortion must be done under medical supervision
stomachache.
- Administer administer anenema of clean water firsyt and give the second enema with 6 table spooons that you will keep for 5 minutes.
- Giver ½ glass of mixture of enema once aday. Enemas can be repeated after 2 days
- make abark decoction and drink: bakonzo herbalists prescribe maximum ¼ glass 3 times aday for 2 days and the battoro healers advise 2 table spoons 3 times aday for 2 days.
Fore eyes: take steam fumigatioon of roots and steam bark decoction two times aday
strong cough:make stem bark decoction and take :
Ø adults:2 tablespoons 3 times aday for 7 days
Ø children from 7 – 12 years: 1 table spoon 3 times aday for 7 days
Ø children from 2 – 7 years: 1 tea spoon 3 times aday for 7 days
Ø young children should not take it.
- Chew a piece of bark as described in the morning and evening for 2 – 3 days . This is not recommended for children.
Tuberclosis
- chew the barkas described for some time and go for amedical check up after 2 weeks.
- Boil the stem back and take two table spoons 3 times a day and go for amedical checkup after 2 weeks.
Skindiseases such as ring worm and scabes: make root bark decoction and appear externally.
Pneumonia: make decoction of the stem bark : put 1 handfull of stem bark in 1 ½ cups and boil for along time
stomach ulcers:
- make aleaf decoction and drink ½ glass 3 times aday for 7 days.
- Administer an enema of clean water and give asecond enema with 6 table spoons that you keep for 5 minutes. Repeat this operation 2 times aday.
Syphilis pound fresh bark, dry, pound to powder , mix with petrolium jelly to make vaseline and then smear on to the infected body part
body weakness:pound the bark boil and then take
tonsillitis: pound the root boil and then take
constipation:pound the bark dry,make powder, mix with food and then eat
aids:pound the bark, boil and then take
toothache:pound the bark, dry , make powder and then fill in the cavity.
PREPARATIONS:
stem bark decoction:boil 1 handfull of stem bark in 1 ½ litres of water for 40 minutes.
stem bark juice:take asmall piece of stem bark and roast it for 1 minute
rootbark juice:boil apiece of root in somer water till boiling water changes colour. Apply on the effected skin.
decoction of stem bark mixture:boil 1 handful of stem bark of albizia coriaria plus 1 handful stem bark of tulip tree plus 1 handful set of stem bark of bark cloth fig in 1 litre of water and give as enema
stembark infunsion:put 1 tablespoon of dry stem bark powder in 1 cup of boiling water, wait for five minites.
TOXICITY.
Pregnant woman should not take it internally.
Aloe gel or juice: can produce allergic reaction on the skin. 1 person out of 200 people is ellergic to aloe. If after some minutes of applying adrop of aloe juice on the skin there is aslight reddening and itching, you are ellergic to aloe, and you have tolook for another remedy.
It is toxic to take in great quantity and purgative.
Better aloes must not be used by chikdren , pregnant women and during menstration, since it produces urine contractions. Never eceed the dose of 0.5g per day of bitter aloes aloe or 3 g per day of bitter aloe as mixed with sugar.
Artemisia annual
annual wormwood
family:asteraceae
vernaculer name
English: annual wormwood, sweet annie,
sweet wormwood
Description: artemnisia annual is alarge annual plant often reaching morethan 2 mitres and usualy single stemmed with alternate branches. The aromantic leaves are deeply dissected and arrange form 2.5 to 5 cm in lenght. The nodding flowers are only 2 to 3 mm in diameter and are greenish or yellow enclosed by numirious bracts.
agricultural practices.
Propagation methods: seeds and cuttings
aetemnisia annual is determinate short day plant. Non juvinile plants are very responsive to photoperiodic stumulus and flower about 2 weeks after indiction. The critical photoperiodic seems to be about 13.5 hours and that is why artemnisia annual is an adapted to the tropics because floweering will be induced when the plants are very small. For the same reasons we are promoting the artemnisia annual anamed ( a2) a hybrid with a higher content of atreminsinin and also a late flowering plant.
The seedlings pf arteminisia annual anamed (a3) does not contain a high percentage of arteminsinin and will flower when the plants are still very small. For that matter we advise the propagation method of cutting for the artemnisia annual anamed.
Cultivation of artemensia annual anamed through seeds:
the seeds and seedlings are very small and sensitve.
To prepare the earth, mix 10 parts by volume of old composit or really black earth with 10 parts odf sand. Add 20 parts of water and boil the mixture for atleast 5 minutes to kill all the weed seeds. Vermiculate can be used insteady of earth.
Fill asmall flat plastic container, in which some holes have been made, with soil and sow. Tamp down without covering the seeds with earth. Place the tray in abright place, but out of direction of sunlight, to prevcent the soil from drying out.
Very delicate shoots appear after 4 to 7 days. During the following 6 weeks, water very carefully, either with a very finest spray or by allowing water to flow in fromthe side, or by standing the tray for some minutes in alarge tray containing water so that the water can soak up from underneath.
Transplant into pots, and then they are 5 cm high, about 10 weeks after sowing, tranplant into open ground. This ground mustbe fertile and light in structure therefore first mix the soil with composite and leaves. Try to plant at the beggining of the rainy season
plant spacing in rainy season is 1m by 1m and 50cm by 50cm in dry season. Adry period of stressfull for the plants, they begin to flower, and must immediately be hervested.
Cultivattion of artemensia annual anamed through cuttongs
artemensia annual anamed highbrid seeds are very expensive and almost impossible to buy. The only way to maintain the same species with all the characteristics is to make cuttings.
The challenge isto keep them from flowering for as long as possible! The annual plant and dies after flowering. As soon as the first flowers appear cut the flowers and strip the leaves from ther stems of ther entire plant and dry them.
Medical practices:
parts used: leaves. With freshleaves, the weight required is 5 times great than with dry leaves
uses:
maleria:make infunsion and drink during day time:
volume of tea weight dried leaves
adults: 1 litre 5g
children older than 13 500ml 4g
children older than 11 500ml 3g
children older than 7 500ml 2g
Toxicity:
for internal use: no side effects are known with the correct dosages. Pregnent women should not take the tea during the first 3 months of pregnency as very litle research on this subject has been done.
Use externally: it may irritate the skin
other uses and products:
food: flowering of alcohol.
Health drink: take 50ml artemensia tea prepared as described in the recipe above, add 950ml cold water, the juice of 2 lemons and 50g sugar.
Herbicide : put artemensia leaves on the gorund; they may deter the germination of weeds.
Azadriracthta indica a. Juss
NEEM
family: maliaceae
vernacular:
english : neem, azadrirach
pride of india, pride tree lutooro: niim
lhukonzo nimu
swahili: mkilifi, miti arubaini kamili
description: azadirachta indica a hardy, first growing , ever green tree growing of 15 to 30 m high. The bark id grey brown; the leaves have 5 to 8 pairs of leaflets; the flowers are crimmy white and the fruits 2cm long oval yellow berries
agricultral practices:
propagation methods: freshseeds, weldings and cuttings.
For cuttings; strip asmall twig of its leaves and stick into moist ground.
There is no special seed tereatment required. Choose fresh seeds – they only germinate if less than 3 months only. Place the seeds on the newspaper that is laid on plastics in the shade, the springle with water every day to keep them moist. Renew the paper every 2 days. After 4 to 7 days the seeds crack and begin to sprout and must be planted preferably in plastic bugs with composite made up of 50% soil and 50% of well roated cow manure. Plant out after 3 months. Neem tree thrives well at low and at high altitudes, and on sandy, stony or loamy soil but it prefers dry climate to humide climate.
Tree management : lopping and pollarding
medical practices
parts used
leaves, seeds and twigs.
Uses
note: one leaf is composed of 9 more leaflets .
Malaria: take infunsion of the drug is administered for between 5 to 7 days until the petient has recovered.
Do not for pregnant women.
Fever: take infunsion of the drug and pregnant women should not take it.
Abdormonal pain: take infunsion of the drug and pregnant women should not take it.
Prenvetion of tooth caries: brush your teeth with asmall neem twig twice daily.
This mathod provides not only mechanical cleaning, but also has thanks to some substances in the neem bark an antibiotic effect on caries germs.
Sleeping sickness(trypanosomiasis):take infusion in compination with other prescribe treatment.
Head lice:wash your hair every day and use ne of the following prescription:
- put 10dried neem leaves in 100 ml alochol for 7days. Filter and use as ahair lotion 3times aday for 5days.
- Rub some drops of neem oil into the hair, 3times aday for 5days
- pound some neem seeds to make apaste. Each evening, after washing your hair rub about tea spoonfull of this paste into the hair,and leave it untill the next evenig.
Skin problems as acne,fungal infections, psoriasis, scabies eczema and allergetic reactions:
- take abarth in hot water with neem laevs
- aply oitment
- apply mixture of vegetabal iol and tincture/oil mixture.
Anthletes foot:eiter rub leaves on the inffected area.
Small pox or chickenpox:aply neem iolor tincture of inhibitsvirus from spreding.
Warts:there are several possibilities:
- poumd leaves with some water, and rub on to the effected area
- rub neem oil on yo the effected skin.
- Grind to a paste amixture of fresh neem leaves and numiric inthe ratio 4:1. by weight ( or ahandful of neem leaves to apiece of turmic ½ the lenght of the index figure ) rub all the body and leave to dry.
Scrofula, painless ulcers, ringworm and psoriasis:
- apply neem oil. If the reaction is too strong, diluting with alittle vegetable oil is recommended.
- Alternatively, boil some leaves in just enough water for 15 minutesin morning and evening.
Infected burns: wash with decoction: boil one handfull of fresh leaves in 1 litre of water for 20 minutes, filter while still very hot( to avoid contamination) ,cool , and use immediately to wash infected burns. Prepare and use fresh decoction in this way 3 times aday and put the petient under the moisquito net to avoid new infections.
Boils:
closed boil: apply apoulitice of squeesed leaves.
Open boils ulcers,and eczema: make poultice of boiled leaves: boil afew leaves for few minutes in the little water and apply.
Fungal infection.
Fungal infection in the mouth: mix and apply one part of neem oil with 9 parts of honey.
Fungal infection in the vagina: mix and apply one part of neem oilwith 9 parts of yoghut or vegetable oil.
Diarrrhoea and dysentry: drink decoction of adults should drink this tea in the course of the study with plenty of other foods.
Worms: make a decoction of leaves and bark ,roots and drink ½ glass 3 times aday. Repained urine make aleaf decoction and take 1 glass 2 times aday
dandruf: mix 50% neem oil with 50% castor oil, moringa oil or vegetable oil and apply externally.
Earpain: put 1 drop of oil 2 times aday for 1 week.
gum bleeding: use atwig as tooth brush
stiff neck apply neem oil externally.
Preparations:
oil: pound the dried kernels, and then add alittle water to make apaste.
After kneading for awhile, the oil begins to ooze out.
Leaf infunsion : pour 1 litre of boiling water over 40 fresh single small leaflets , or 5g dried leaves, and drink this tea in the course of the day.
Dosage: - adults: 1glass 3times aday
-children from 10 to14 years: ½ glass 3 times aday
- children from 5 to 9 years: 1/3 glass 3 times aday
- children from one to 4 years ¼ glass 3 times aday.
Ointiment: take 100 grams of a cheap local ointment and add 10 g neem oil
tincture soak 20g dry leaves in 100ml of 70% alcohol ( may orr may not be denatured) for 7 days and filter.
leaf decoction:boil 40 fresh, washed neem leafletsin ½ litres of waterfor 5 minutes.
Leafpowder: dry and pound the leaves . Dosage: ½ teaspoons in any drink 2 times aday.
Toxicity: after prolonged internal use, irritation of the liver or kidney is possible.
Because of our lack of experience, internal use can not be recommended for pregenant woman.
Other uses and products
oil can be aparafin subsiutute for making soap.
Oiol cake as animal feed.
Oil cake as fertiliser.
Fuel: firewood, charcoal.
Timber: poles
cosmetics.
Toothbrushes: a twig.
Insecticides:
Insecticides from fruits: hervest ripe fruits, remove the pulp, wash the seeds and dry them completely in the sunshine. Store the seeds in a apaper bag and not aplastic bag.
For pest control: soak 1 cup of seeds in 1 litre of water to draw for 6 hours.filter and spray the solution over the plants the same day, because it does not keep long. Repeat of treatment after 6 days.
To prevent pests on your crops, apply a weaker concentration( take ½ cup of seeds to 1 litre water) to the plants every week.
Insecticidesfrom leaves: if there are no fruits available, take 1 kg of fresh leaves and boil for 10 minutes in 5 litres, allow it to cool for 3 houers,filter and use.
Insect spray: suggestion for a recipe for the house.crush 100g of dry neem, seeds, pulverize, pour 500ml of highly conctrated alcohol (or if not avialable use kerosine) over it, store i atightly fastered container for 10 days.
Then filtertwice through the paper strain and fill into aspray bottle.
As apreservative of food.
For foods such as rice,beansor maize etc, mix some small twigs with dried leaves with the food to be stored. Or pound 250 g dried leaves, mix with 1 kg dry ashand add this mixture to 50 kg of food (or seeds)
wash the food before use.
For fumigation as an insecticide and to smoke out insectsfrom houses: put neem leaves on burning charcoal.
For fighting nematodes: place some neem leaves into the plant holes before planting seedlings or seeds.
Carica papaya linn
PAWPAW
synonym:
cariac hermaphrodita blanco.
Papaya cariac gaertn.
Papayacumumerina norohna
papaya papaya karst.
Papaya sativa tuss
papaya vulgaris DC
family: caricaceae.
vernacular name:
english:papaya, paw paw tree
rutooro:ipaapali
lhukonzo:ekipapaya
lUganda:eppapaali
swahili:mpapai
DESCRIPTION:
carica papaya is is adoiescious (=male flower tree separate from the female flower tree) evergreen tree of 2-10m tall. Usually un branched,containiong white latex in all the parts. The stem is cylindrical,10-30 cm in diameter, hollow, from whose upper part fruits and leaves grow. Has an extensive rooting system. The leaves are spirally arranged, 25 – 75 cm in diameter and deeplly 7 -lobed and male and female flowers are on different trees, but some flowers are bisexual.
Natural habitat:
carica papaya grows in warm, sunny sites sheltered from wind. A very senstive to water logging, and even short periods of flooding can kill the plant
Native: tropical america but is today widely distributed throughout the tropical and warmer sub tropical areas of the world. Altitude: preferably below 1600m
Agricultral practices
propagation methods. Carica papaya is usually grown from seeds which germinates in 2 to 4 weeks. Seeds are washed and dried on paper in ashade and shown bottomless pots to elliminate trnsplanting problems. Vegetative propagation is possible but really practiced.
Carica papaya likes a well drained permueable, well earated fertile loam soil, rich in organic matter with neutral reaction. Since there is no reliable method of determining sex in papaya until its first flowering,plant atleast 4 to 5 seedlings per hole and after determining the sex selected the best female tree to remain. Dont forget that you need atleast 1 male tree for thew pollination
weeds must be controlled especially during the innitial stages of establishment. In the beggining papaya requires water supply. Cutting bark to 30 cm above the ground may reguvinate mature trees. The plant spacing is 1.8m
pests and diseases numerous fungi can cause problems, so dont plant in shade.
Medicinal practices
parts used:ripe and unripe fruits,seeds, flowers,leaves and roots
uses:
worms:
take latex just once in the morning on an empty stomach together with alaxative or alot of ripe fruits to expel the dead worms. This antiworm treatment can also be given when a petient is suffering from diarrhea.
Papaine does not remove all the worms, soffer that reason we recommend repeating the treatment after 1 week as aprecautionery measure. Dosage of paw paw latex
- children from 6months to 1 year: ½ tea spoon
- children from 1 year to 3 years: 1 tea spoon
- children from 4 years to 6 years: 2 tea spoons
- children from7 yrs to 13 yrs : 3 teaspoons
- adults: 4 tea spoons
late is very aggressive to the tongue and is better mixed with honey and warm water before taken.
Prophylatic for worms and amoebiasis: chew apiece of papaya leaf of 5 cm times 5 cm daily, or take orally 1 tablespoon of seeds.
Anaemia,vitamin a, b, or c defficiency:
it plenty of ripe papaya fruits to garantee sufficient supply of vitamins. Vitamin a for agood eyesight,vitaminB for good nerves, vitaminCto support the immune system against infections.
light case of amoebic dysentry and diarrrhoea:
- Drink 1 litre of decoction,divide during day time
- chew atea spoonfull of fresh paw paw seeds 3 times aday for 7 days.
Indigestion and digestion problems: papaine is an enzyme that aids digestion. You can take with food afew drops of paw paw juice or small piece of papaya leaf, or you chew tree paw paw seeds.
cough:
make root decoction and take 1 cup 3 times aday for adults and less for children depending on their body weight.
Haptitis, jaundice, yellow fever.
Alcohol is absolutely forbbiden! Eat alot of fruit then also, either you
- eat regular cooked, un ripe paw paw fruits as avegetable,
- make root decoction and drink 1 litre during the day.
- Drink daily an infunsion of handfull of male paw paw flowers or paw paw bark in 1 litre of boiled water.
- Urinary infections : chew 1 table spoon of fresh paw paw seeds 3 times aday for 7 to 14 days
asthma attacks
- smoke young dried pawpaw leaves in apipe or wrapped in paper in form of cigarette.
- Burn the leaves next to your bed and nihale the smoke
- mix paw paw leaves and euphorbia hirta ( asthma weed) burn and inhale the smoke.
Large supurating burns: use latex water and go to health centre.
Wash and burn several times with “paw paw latex water “ and chew also 1 tablerspoons of pawpaw seeds aday 3 times aday for 3 days. Leave the burn open, and make the petient lay under the mosquito net. fungal infection:
- use latex
- mix 10 drops if latex with 1 table spoon of vegetable oil. Rub the infected areas with this mixture 3 times aday.
- Add leaf powder to the mixture if 16.2 and apply.
- Smear flesh or ripe paw paw fruit on the infected part 2 times aday
Prearations:
latex. Use an unripe paw paw that is still hunging on the tree. To obtain the sap, first thoroughly wash the fruit, and then make verticle cuts in the skin of the green fruit. Collect the drops of white sap in aclean spoon or cup. The knife and the spoon that are used must be of stainless steal, because rust destroys the papaine.
Latex water: mix afew drops of latex in cool, boiled water.
Fresh leaf decoction. Boil 1 handfull of chopped paw paw leaces in 1 litre of water for 5 minutes, cool for 15 minutes and filter
root decoction: boil 1 handfull of roots in 1 litre of water for 15minutes, cool and filter.
Paw paw leaf tinture: put 10kg of dry leaf powder in 100 ml of alcohol for 70 % filter after 1 week and store in aclosed bottle.
Slice of unripe paw paw: wash unripe paw paw that is still hunging on the tree with acloth and boiling water. Clean aknife, put it in boiling water, and then cut aslice of the paw paw the thicknes of achilds little finger. Paw paw will remain on the tree and heal its self.
OTHER DSEASEA TO BE TREATED BY PAWOAW
-elephantiassis,kidney infections,wringles[ant aging],intestinal worms,ucerative colitis, it cleanses blood using the seeds, quickens contraction during birth using female pawpaw roots and it increases sex libido using male pawpaw roots decoction.
-asthma attack make asthma cigarette from dried pawpaw leaves and smoke in cold weather often when its worse. If no quick relief use strong asthma cigarette by adding datura strammonium ,eucalyptus leaves, dried asthma weed leaves to the pawpaw leaves and smoke the cigarette twice aday.
Add to the treatment above asthma weed infusion and take aquarter glassx 2 aday and take after ameal accompanied with a lot of drinks which are free from sugar.
Toxicity.
Internal use: papaine may cause somachache, respect the dosages.
External use: allegic reactions may occur using over along time
avoid contact of paw paw latex with the eyes.
Pregnant women should not take it internally.
Other uses and products.
Food: ripe and green fruits.
Latex: for beverages
to make tough meat tender.: wrap meat in leaves for some hours.
Soap substitute: pounded leaves can replace soap.
Chenopodiumambrosioides l
american wormseed
synonym:
chenopodium anthelminticum l
family: chenopodiacae
vernacular name:
english: chemopodium , american wormseed, jerusalem - oak rutooro: kifaru, seeba kifaru
lhukonzo: omughundulhuma
lUganda: akagobadogo
Description: chenopodium ambrosioides is an herbaceous, vivaciuos, evergreen common weed with much branched stem 40-100cm in height and numerious lanc-shaped leaves. The low leaves are 2 to 8cm in lenght and the upper ones are smaller. The greeenish flowers are in closly cccrouded spikes mixed with leaves and are followed by small, green, round frouts aechof which contains avery smallblack seed.the entire plant has astrong disagreeble odour due to volatile iol.
Agricultural practices:
propagation methods:seeds.
Chenopodium ambrosioides is real weed and you will find many seedlings around amother plant. It can grow in most conditions.
Medicinal practices:
parts used:leaves, roots and flowers.
Uses:
worms:chenalpodium ambrosioides is vermfge: make an infusion and dring one 1cup in the morning an empty stomarch for 3 daysand take also a alaxative to expel the parasite.
Flatulence, expels intestinal gas and stomachache: make an infunsion and drink 1 cup after each meal.
Stop vomiting:
- make decoction and drink ¼ glass 3 times aday.
- Take a abath with decoction mix with water.
Constipation:
- make aroot decoction and drink ¼ glass 3 times aday.
- Drink ¼ glass 3 times aday of plant decoction
Headache
- squeeze,sniff and rub leaves on fore head and neck and drop some juice into the nostrils 1 time aday.
- Mix leaves with leaves of ambrosia maritime, squeeze and sniff.
Fever and childrens convulsions and febrile convulsions:
- booil the top parts of the plant in water, see and inhale steam 2 times aday and bath with decoction.
- Make decoction and drink for adults 4 tablespoons 3 times aday for 3 days, for children 2 table spoons and for babies 1 teaspoon 3 times aday.
- Squeeze the plant and smear it on the body.
- Wash 1 handfull of plant in ½ litre of cool water, filter and take 1 tea spoon 3 times aday for 3 days.
- Stopping nightmares:
crush and press juice out of the plant and smear on head and face at bed time.
Functional pschosis,pschotic exetiment, eplepsy and chasing evil spirits:
- burn the leaves of chenopoium ambrosioides with those of ocimum suave and inhale the smoke.
- Squeeze the whole plant and inhale and rub on the fore head and body of the petient.
- Mix dry powder of whole plant in cow gee or any other jelly and smear on the body.
Spasmodic cough and asthma: booil the leaves and drink ¼ glass during the day time for 1 month.
Haemorrhoids:
- apply fresh juice on the haemorrhoids
- take a hipbath of decoction.
Chest pain: mix leaves with those of tagetes minuta and ambrosia maritime. Then make cold infunsion, take abath and drink 1/3 glass 3 times aday for 3 days.
Preparations:
plant infunsion: pour 1 litre of boiling water over 1 handful or 15 to 20g fresh plant. Cover and filter after 10 mimutes.
plant decoction:boil 15- 20g of plant in 1 litre of water for 20minutes. Cover and filter after 10 minutes.
root decoction: boil 1 handful in 1 litre of water for 20 minutes, wait for 10 minutes and filter.
Toxicity:
Excessive usage is toxic and can even lead to death.
Overdose can provoke digestion intolerance:
other uses and products:
Food: essential oil for flavouring.
Crassocephalum vitellinum s .moore
Family:
asteracae ex. Composae.
veernacular name:
rutooro: embiribiri
lhukonzo:esyanzununu
lUganda: kitonto
Description:an herb up to 1 metre high. Leaves are alternate, ovate, regulated toothed or lobed and flowers heads are orange- yellow.
Natural habitat:grassland and swampy edges.
Agricultural practices:
Propagation methods:seeds and wildings near the mother plant.
Crassocephalum vitellinum is aweed and grows wellin ahumid eviroment.
Medical practices:
Parts used:leaves and flowers.
Use:
Eves:
- the flower is rubbed inside the, to remove tiny particels frome in the eye.
- Wash the eyes with dicoction.
Sterility in men:boil 2dessertspoon of dry leaf powder ofhygrofill odora and crassocephalum vitellinum ni ½ liter of watre and take 1glass three times aday for 7 days.
Weakness during pregnancy and to avoid abortion:
- give anema of 1glass once aday.
- Hands crush leaves, sqeeze out the juice in water and then bathe.
High blood pressure or to lower high blood prssure:
- take 1or 2 glasses every 2days or ½ liter 1time every moths
- boil the leaves and then take.
Stomachache: make adecoction of the plant mixed with the bill of a fish. Boil for ten minutes and take one tea spoon 3 tiomes aday and for 4 days.
Snakebite:rub some laeves and tie the leaves on the snake bite
uterus problems as ulcers, polyps, dislocation of fallopian tube and after birth problems:
take 1 glass 3 aday for 5 days of cold extractand take ahipbath.
Dryness in woman:take 1glass 3times aday for 5 days of cold extract and take ahipbarth.
Condrols exess mensration:take 1glass 3times aday of cold extract for 5days.
Delayed mothly periods:squeeze the juis out of the leaves and take.
Headache:hand-crush the leaves, sqeese out juis in water, take some as you wet the head.
Malaria:boil the leaves and take.
Syphilis:compain the leaves with othre harbs, boil and then take.
Wounds:dry the leaves , crash to powder and then aply onto the wounds.
primeture delivery:sqeeze juis out of the leaves and take for one month.
gonorrhea:squeeze the juis out of the leaves and take.
yellow fever:squeeze the juis out of the leaves and take.
ringworms:crush the leaves in compination with roots.
Preparations:
Flowers and leaf decoction:boil 1handfull in one leater of wather
Cold plant extract:pound fresh leaves and mix with some cold water.
Leafe decoction:oboil one handfull in one leater of water for afew minutesand use.
Eurphorbia hirta linn
asthma weed
synonym:
chemaesyce hirta ( l) millsp.
Euphoorbia capitata lam.
Euphoorbia globulifera H,B.K.
Euphoorbia modiflora steud.
Euphorbia obliterata jacq.
Euphoorbia pilulifera L.
Euphorbia pilulifera var. Hirta (L) thell.
Eurphorbia verticillate vell.
Family:euphorbiaceae
vernacular name:
english: asthma weed, blothed leaf spurge, garden spurge, hairy spurge, milk weed, red euphorbiaceae
rutooro: camaramahano.
Lhukonzo:akanyamatsitsi
lUganda:akasandasanda
swahili:mwache in future euphoorbia hirta will change its name and will nolong belong to the euphoorbiacae family.
Description:
euphorbia hirta is acreeping densely hairy little branched annual herb and is 15 to 50 cm tall .stems are semi erect with several araising from acentral tap root, reddish or purpiish, and yellow hairs and milky shape, flowers are small yellowish. It is ashort lived weed that germinates and flowers ghroughout the year.and fruits in less than amonth.
Natural habitat: grassland, roadsides,gardens,lawns,fallow lands, ditch banks and waste places.
Native: india and austrilia, now widespread at low altitutdes throughout the tropics and sub tropics. Agricultral practices:
propagation methodds: euphorbia hirta is propagated by seeds.
Euphorbia hirta is avector and ahost for many pests. Therefore it should be planted at the borders of the entry road of the home and not in the garden.
It doesnot grow well on mountainous areas.
Medical practices:
parts used: only whole fresh plant, because during the dry process agreat deal of the active medicinal value gets lost.
Uses:
Amoebic dysentry:make adecoction of the whole plant and drink 1 litre in portions during day. Continue the treatment for 8 days and drink also oral salts
several amoebic dysentry, bacillary dysentry:
wash and mix: 1 handful of plant of asthma weed + 1 handful of paw paw leaves + 1 handful of young green mango leaves and 1 handfull of guave leaves, boil for 15minutes in 1 litre of water and filter. Drink in portions throughout the day.
- Children from 6months to 1year take daily 100ml
- children from 2 yrs to 3yrs take daily 200ml
- children from 4 to 5 yrs take daily 250ml
- children from 6 to 10 yrs take daily 350ml
- children from 11 to 16 years take daily 700ml
Diarrhea:
Drink decoction of whole plant and drink 1 litre in portions during the day. As aprecaution, do not take for more than 8 days.
Urinary infections:
drink decoction of the whole plant and drink 1 litre in portions during the day. As aprecaution, do not take for more than 8 years.
Kidney infections:
drink adecoction of the whole plant and drink 1 litre in portions during the day. Aprecaution, do not take for morethan 8 years.
Asthma:
- smoke dry leaves rolled into acigarete or inhale the plant or charcoal.
- Place your head on 1 handfull of these leaves at night
- drinkn adecoction of asthma weed and paw paw and drink 1 litre in portions duriing the day.
Commoncolds:
dry leaves and burn into ash, mix with salt and leak as necessary.
Anxtiety, agitations sleeplessness
- take adecoction of asthma weed and paw paw and drink 1 litre in portions during the day. As precautions do not take for morethan 8 days.
- Make infunsion of the plant euphorbia hirta and leaves of passion fruits and take 1 cup in the evenning.
Skin abscess: pound dry leaves, mix with oil or jelly and put on abscess.
Wounds:
- cover and tigh any fresh wound with fresh leaves to speedup the healing
- squeeze out some sap of fresh leaves and apply on the wound
warts:
apply the plant latex on to the awarts.
Eyes: cataract:
- squeeze juice out of the whole plant add somne water and strain. Put 1 drop 2 times aday in the eye
- put 1 drop of juice into the eye 2 times aday.
Heartburn:
- the leaves are chewed and the juice swallowed in case of the heart burn. This treatment can be repeated as often as required.
- Pound dry leaves and lick alittle of the ash.
Syphilis
- make decoction of the plant and take ½ glass 3 times aday for 7 days.
- Administer ½ glass as anema
snakebite:
put sap/ latex on the wound
herpes zoster:
crush the plant and then rub the petient.
Preparations:
whole plant decoction:
boil 15 to 30g of fresh, washed herbs with 1 litre of water for 15 minutes and filter.
Decoction of asthma weed and paw paw: boil 1 handful of asthma weed plus 1 hand ful of paw paw leaves in 1 litre of water for 15 minutes and filter.
Toxicity:
unknown.
Incase of amoebic or bacillary dysentry and asthma euphorbia hirta always the first choice because it is os infective;but do not exceedthe recommended dosage.
Hoslundia opposita vahl.
Family:
labiacaea or lamiaceae
vernacular name:
rutooro: orutotimya, orutotoima
lhukonzo: emwenya, omwenya
lUganda: kamunye
swahili:mudahamwitu mvua
Description:an erect herb or shrub of 3cm high. Stem is hairy in the young parts of the shoot. Flowers are small and whitish. Fruits are small orange yellow berries
Natural habitat:
Grassland
Agricultural practices:
Proapagation methods: seeds and welding around the mother plant
Medical practices
Parts used
leaves and roots
Uses
abdorminal pain:
- pound dry leaves and mix with dry leaves of vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), dry plant of bidens pilosa( black jack ), burn and lick ½ tea spoon 3 times aday
- make leaf decoction and take 1 glass 3 times aday for 1 day. Asmall baby can take 1 teaspoon 3 times aday.
Tonsilitis:
- pound dry leaves and mix with dry leaves of vernonia amyglina(baeter leaf) dry plant of bidenspilosa (black jack), burn and lick ½ tea spoon 3 times aday.
- Make leaf decoction and drink ½ glass warmed up for several times aday evenababy can take it.
Dysentry and diarrhea: squeeze juis from fresh leaves worm alitle and take ½ glass orally and half glass as an anema.
Asthma: boil one handfull of flowers in one litre of water for five minites mixed ghee and take ahalf glass 3 times aday
Ulcers:
- make leaf decoction and take ¼ glass 3times aday for 7days
- make cold leaf extract and tke glass aday mixed with leaf dicoction for 7days
malraia:
Uake astem bath of mixed leaf decoction
Couth ulcers: put powder of dry leaves on ulcer
Menstration pain:
make cold leaf extract and take ½ glass 2 times aday during menstration.
Dryness in women:
make cold leaf extract and take 1 glass for 7 days.
Syphilis:
Boil 2 handful of leaves in 1 ½ litre of water toll inn1 litre liquid remains. Take 1 glass 3 times aday for 7 days.
vergininal sore:take ahipbath with leafdecoction and go for asyphilis taste
Fillopian tubes,indigestion, stomachache and kidney infections: pound the leaves, boil and drink
Paining eyes: boil the leaves for 15minutes and oput a compress on the eyes
Stop vomiting, worms and high blood pressure: pound the leaves, boil and drink.
Aids support: boil the leaves in combination with other herbs and take
skin infections: pound the leaves,dry, make powder and mix with jelly and then smear.
Preparations:
leaf decoction: boil 1 hand ful of leaves in 1 litre of water for 15 minutes
mixture:
take 1 handful of leaves of every plant: hoslundia opposita vernonia amydgalina, eucalyptus piper guinese, senna alata, sesbania, sesban, etc and boil for 10minutes and take a steam of birth 1 or 2 times aday. This can also be given to children and babies. Take after the steam of birth then abath with this liquid and warm water
Cold leaf extract: pound and squeeze 1 handful of leaves in 1 litre cleanwater and filter.
Root decoction: boil 1 handful of fresh roots in 1 litre water for 20 minutes.
kalanchoe spp,
Ressurection plant.
Family: crassulaceae
vernacular name:
English: ressurection plant
Rutooro: enyondo
lhukonzo: ekikanya
Luganda: ekiyondo
Description
kalancoe spp are succilent herbs with opposite and fleshy leaves
Natural habitat:grassland
Agricultural practices
Propagation methods: cuttings
Medicinal practices:
Parts used: leaves
Uses:
Acute dysentry and diarrhea: make juice and take for 5minutes
- adults: ½ glass or 100ml 3 times aday
- from 10 to 14 years: ¼ glass or 50ml 3 times aday
- children from5 to 9 years : 1/8 glass or 25ml aday 3 times aday
- children from1 to 4 yars: 1 table spoon or 10 ml 3 times aday
Heart pain:
this is pain by the body where the heart is situated
- make leaf juice and take fore adults: 2 tablerspoons 3 times aday until the petient is fine
- chew 2 fresh leaves 2times aday for 7 days
Haptitis or jaundica:
- Take 2 tablerspoons 3 times aday
- Take 5 dessertspoons 3times aday just before a meal.
Malnutrition: take 2tablespoons leaf infusion 3 times a day before eating.
Baby cord;put leaves on fire for 2 minutes , squeeze out the liquid and some drops on the cord.the cord will dry faster.
Wounds;put leaf liquid on the wound .
Boils;upt laef liquid on the boil
Burns;put leaf liquid on the burn.
Extended menstual period;make leaf decoction and drink 1 tablerspoons 3 time aday in one week.
Uterus ulcers:
Administer ¼ glass of enema.
Fever: make leaf decoction and take
- Adults: ½ glass or 100ml 3 times aday
- CHildren from 10 to 14 years: 1/4glass or 50ml 3 times aday
- From 5 to 9 years 1/8 glass or 25ml 3 times aday
- children from1 to 4 years: 1 tablespoon or 10ml 3 times aday.
Make juice and take 5 dessertspoons 3 times aday 3 week from the beggining of pregnancy
promotion labour:
pound freshleaves mixed with ghee and apply on abdonmen
wooping cough
put 4 leaves on the fire till soft and squeeze out the juice and give 1 dessertspoon 3times aday to achild for 7 days.
Shollen lymph glands: put leaves 2 minute on the fire and use as acompress you can repeat this operationfrequently.
Rheumatism: make leaf decoction
Mumphs
Put leaves on hot ash and apply as acompress 3 times aday for 7 days
Stiff neck:
Put frequently leaves on hot ash and use it externally as acompressor.
Dryness in woman:
boil leaves in water strain and take 14 litre 3 times aday and use the remaining decoction mixed with hot water for bathing.
Thirsty:
warm abit leaves and squeeze out the juice and then drink
stop vomiting
squeeze juice out of leaves, mix with orange juice and drink
eatinfection in children: warm abit leaves and squeeze out the juice and drip afew drops in the ear.
Auids suopport: warm the leaves abit on fire ,squeeze out the juice and take.
Heart burn: cleaan the leaves and chew when still fresh.
Joint pain: put the leaves on firre till they become soft cover the infected joint and then press gently.
Hernia and pressure: boil the leaves and take.
Preparations:
leaf juice: pick fresh leaves, put on fire for 2 minutes and squeeze out juice
leaf:boil 1 handfull of leaves in 1 litre of water for 5 minutes
Toxicity:
The plant should be used with care because of some toxicity.
MORINGA OLOEFERA LAM
Synonym:guilandina moringa L
Moringa pterygosperma gaertn
Family:
Moringaceae.
Vernacular name:
English: horse radish -tree, ben oil tree, drumstick tree, cabage tree, clarifier, moringa tree.
Rutooro: mulinga
lhukonzo: omulinga
lUganda: molinga
Swahili: mlonge, mronge, mrongo, mzunze.
Description:
moringa oleofera is short cylinder, decidious, perennaual tree of about 10m tall, rether cylinder with drooping branches. The branches and stems are brital, with cocky bark and the leaves feathery, pale green, compound, with many small leaflets. The flowers are white or crimmy – white and the pods pendulous, brown, triangular splitting lengh wise into 3 parts when dry and 30 to 120cm long.
Natural habitat: dry sandy soil.
Altitude: 0 -1000m
Agricultural practices:
propagation methodds: moringa is propagated by seeds.
Moringa is avector and ahost for many pests. Therefore it should be planted at the borders of the entry road of the home and not in the garden.
It doesnot grow well on mountainous areas.
Medical practices
As the tree contains some toxicity, bakonjo people prefer to give it as an enema, which is not case for the batooro who take the drug orally but in small quantities.
Parts used: bark, roots and leaves pods and flowers oil and also gum.
Uses:
worms:chenalpodium ambrosioides is vermfge: make an infusion and dring one 1cup in the morning an empty stomarch for 3 daysand take also a alaxative to expel the parasite.
Flatulence, expels intestinal gas and stomachache: make an infunsion and drink 1 cup after each meal.
Stop vomiting:
- make decoction and drink ¼ glass 3 times aday.
- Take a abath with decoction mix with water.
Constipation:
- make aroot decoction and drink ¼ glass 3 times aday.
- Drink ¼ glass 3 times aday of plant decoction
Headache
- squeeze,sniff and rub leaves on fore head and neck and drop some juice into the nostrils 1 time aday.
- Mix leaves with leaves of ambrosia maritime, squeeze and sniff.
Fever and childrens convulsions and febrile convulsions:
- booil the top parts of the plant in water, see and inhale steam 2 times aday and bath with decoction.
- Make decoction and drink for adults 4 tablespoons 3 times aday for 3 days, for children 2 table spoons and for babies 1 teaspoon 3 times aday.
- Squeeze the plant and smear it on the body.
- Wash 1 handfull of plant in ½ litre of cool water, filter and take 1 tea spoon 3 times aday for 3 days.
- Stopping nightmares:
Crush and press juice out of the plant and smear on head and face at bed time.
Functional pschosis,pschotic exetiment, eplepsy and chasing evil spirits:
- burn the leaves of chenopoium ambrosioides with those of ocimum suave and inhale the smoke.
- Squeeze the whole plant and inhale and rub on the fore head and body of the petient.
- Mix dry powder of whole plant in cow gee or any other jelly and smear on the body.
Spasmodic cough and asthma: booil the leaves and drink ¼ glass during the day time for 1 month.
Haemorrhoids:
- apply fresh juice on the haemorrhoids
- take a hipbath of decoction.
Chest pain: mix leaves with those of tagetes minuta and ambrosia maritime. Then make cold infunsion, take abath and drink 1/3 glass 3 times aday for 3 days.
Preparations:
plant infunsion: pour 1 litre of boiling water over 1 handful or 15 to 20g fresh plant. Cover and filter after 10 mimutes.
plant decoction:boil 15- 20g of plant in 1 litre of water for 20minutes. Cover and filter after 10 minutes.
Root decoction: boil 1 handful in 1 litre of water for 20 minutes, wait for 10 minutes and filter.
Toxicity:
Excessive usage is toxic and can even lead to death.
Overdose can provoke digestion intolerance:
Other uses and products:
Food: almost part of the plant is of value as food. The leaves are good source of protein, vitamiA, B andC and minerals such as calcium and iron. Leaves are eaten as greens, in salads, as peakals and for reasoning. The tap root is usedas an alternative for horsearadish. Young pods have ataste resembling asparagus, the green peas and sorrounding white material can be removed from larger pods and cooked. Seeds frommature pods can be roasted, mashed and placed in boiling water, which produces an excellent cooking that flot to the surface. The flavoured oil,resembling olive oil, as an excellent salad oil. Flowers can be eaten or used to make tea.
Fodder: leaves.
A picture: it flowers almost throughout the year to provide nector:
fuel: firewood for cooking but givespoor charcoal
fibre: bark: to make ropes, mats and for paper industry and textiles
timber: it is usefull only for light constraction works.
Lipids: oil extracted from mature pods is yellowish, non drying, good keeping qualities. It is used as alubricant, in delicatemachinary,in consmetics and machines
erosion control: it is suitable for areas where strong winds along, dry spells occur simultenously, causing serious soil erosion.
Soil improver: green leaves as mulch and press cakes, after oil extraction and fertiliser.
Water purification: suspension of the inner seed powder of moringa oleofera is used as primary coagulant. It can clarrify water of any degree of visibleturbidity.
Pollution control: the seeds acn be used to purify water and can replace chlorine.
Myrica kanditiana engl.
Family:myricaceae
vernacular name:
rutooro:omugeege
lhukonzo:omukikimbu
lUganda:bbowolola omsajja, mukekimbo, nkikimbo.
Descrption:amuch branched srub up to 2m high, the young leaves are light green and holder leaves are darkgreen and gladrous and donated. Fruits are green , spherical and warted.
Agricultural practices:
